Hat-crown-pouncing machine.



J. RDQRAN.

HAT GROWN POUNGING MACHINE.

APPLICATION FILED MAR.18. 191:.

Patented Sept. 8, 1914 9 SHEETS SHEET 1.

ATTORNEY J. F. DURAN. HAT CROWN POUNCING MACHINE APPLICATION TILED MAR. 18. 1011.

1,110,191. Patented Sept. 8, 1914.

9 SHEETSSHEET iNVENTUR am em 8Y5 ATTORNH J. F. DURAN.

HAT CROWN POUNCING MACHINE APPLICAHUK Mum MAR.18. 1911 4 1 9 1T m 8 L A ps eT S B dH eS m Du b a 1 m w. w o 2 2 6 m n l inlllr 3V T 2m .M

WITNESSES: 25 g. OCWAA ialw J. P. DURAN. CROWN POUNCING MAFWNL APPLICATION FILED MAR. 18. 1:111

Patented Sept. 8, 1914 9 SHBfi'lfi SHEET 4.

WITNESSES:

ATTORNEY J. F. DURAN.

HAT GROWN POUNGING MACHINE.

APPLICATION FILED MAB.18,1911.

Patented Sept. 8, 1914.

9 SHEBTSSHEET 1.

%NvENT0R I ATTORNEY WITNESSES Q. Q 57W J. F. DURAN.

HAT CROWN PGUNCING MACHINE.

APPLICATION FILED MAR. 18, 1911.

1 1 1 O, 1 9 1 Patented Sept. '8, 19141 9 SHEETS*SHEET 8.

WITNESSES: INVENTOR I. P. DURAN.

HAT GROWN POUNGING MACHINE.

APPLICATION FILED MAE.18, 19H

1 1 1 O, 1 9 1'. Patented Sept. 8, 191i 9 SHEETS-SHEET 8.

WITNESSES Z2 4, Gama, m 9 $7 UNITED STA1 ES Pap-2N1 -orrron JAMES F. DORAN, 0F DANBURY, CONNECTICUT.

HAT-CROWN-IPOUNCING MACHINE Application filed March 18,

To all whom it may concern Be it known that I, JAMns F. DORAN, a citizen of the United States, residing in the city of Danbury, county of Fairfield, and State of Connecticut, have'invented certain new and useful Improvements in Hat- Crown-Pouncing Machines; and I do declare the following to be a full, clear, and

exact description of the invention, such as will enable others skilled in the art to which it appertains to make and usethe same.

This invention relates to machines for finishing or sandpapering hat bodies, such machines being commonly known as pouncing machines, the hat body being mounted on a block which is slowly revolved during theoperations of the member usually called the pouncing pad, such pad having independent movements of its own, reciprocating. revolving, or oscillating, and being also gradually shifted as to its position of operation on the hat. i

There are usually two operations of pouncing, first, while the hat crown is circular in shape, the machine used being known as the rough pouncer. The present machine is especially intended for the final pouncing in the finishing room, after the hat crowns have been given their oval or elliptical shape, but it is capable of use for the rough pouncing although it contains many parts that would be dispensed with for such use, because many difliculties that arise in connection with the pouncing of oval hats do not exi t when the hats are circular.

.s explained in Letters Patent No. (362,821, granted November 27, 1900, toC. H. Reid, a regular or uniform rotation of an oval hat during the action of the pad results in uneven work and frequently in injury to the hats. Some, but not all, of the difficulties existing prior to the Reid invention, were then overcome by imparting an irregular rotation to the hat. The present machine is a carrying forward of the Reid inventionso as to provide a machine that is entirely automatic (but with provisions for some manual controls when desired) and will pounce all portions of oval hat crowns to just the correct degree, even that portion known as the square or danger point..

To render the description of the present machine more intelligible, and to make its advantages more apparent, abrief descrip- Specification ofLetters Patent.

Patented Sept. 8, 1914. 1911-. Serial No. 615,228.

' tion of the different portions of an ot al hat crown will first be'given in order to define brief terms to be used hereinafter. By crown is meant, of course, the entire body of the hat above'th'e lhri'm. So much of the crown as extends from the brim to or nearly to the more or lessabruptly rounded portion which connects witlrthe top, will be referred toas the side, and said side will be referred'toas having front right quarter, rear right quarter, rear left quarter and front left quarter. In other words, these four quarters comprise the complete side ortions of theh -at which is the most oval in form. The ftop comprises that portion from the apex'or crown to the said abruptly- 'roundedportion, the word abrapt being, of course, for many shapes of hats, a purely relative term. This abruptly rounded p-ortion'connects the top and side and, because it is often so sharply rounded as to form almost a right. angle,'it is relierred to as the square. It is alsoreferred to as the danger point, because it is the portion of the hat/requiring the greatest care in pouncinlg, to avoid cutting too deeply. It is often so abrupt that the usual pad can touchbut a very limited area.

With these prefatory remarks, it may be stated that the principal object of the presso that the operations of the pad will be proportioned to the particular area of hat surface with which the pad is in contact, and to the speed of movement of that particular-area.

vFurther objects are to provide improvements in the various parts of the machine, all of which coactto produce a uniformly pounced hat, as will be explained hereinafter. a

To these ends the invention consists in the construction and combination of parts substantially as hereinafter described and claimed;

1 is a side elevation of the machine, with the guide rod of the pouncing pad in sec tionFig. 1 represents a detail section on the line 1 1 of Fig. l -Fig. 2 is a plan Of the accompanying drawings: Figure view of the machine Fig.'3 is'an elevation from the side opposite to Fig. 1Fig. 4 represents a detail longitudinal section through the mechanism for vertically shifting the plane of the axis of the chuck-Fig.'

5 is a plan view, partly in section, of the mechanism shownin Fig. 4Fi 6 re resents asection on line 6-6 of Flg. 5 ig. 6 is a detail elevation of pawl controlling devices hereinafter described-Figs. 7, 8, and 9, are detail elevations of parts of the mechanism shown in Figs. 4, 5., and 6-Fig. 10 represents a section on line 10--1O of Fig. 5 F1g. 11 is plan view of the counterbalance Weights shown in Fig. 9-Fig. 12 is a detail front elevation of the chuck arm adjusting mechanism--Fig. 13 is a view similar to Fig. 12 but showing the parts in a different adjustment-Fig. 14 is adetail plan of some of the parts shown at the top of Fig. 2, but on a larger scale-Fig. 15 represents a section on line 15-15 of Fig.14- Figs. 16 and 17 are'respectively front and side elevations of the cams for controlling the speed of reciprocation 0f the pad or 'toolFig. 18 represents a section on line 18-18 of F ig.'17Fig, 19 represents a section on line 1919 of Fig. 3Fi 20 represents a section on line 2020 0 Fig. 19 Fig. 21 is a detail elevation of parts shown near the center of Fig. 3-Fig. 22 re resents a section on line 22 of Fig. 21- ig. 23 represents a section on line 23-23 of Fig. 2 ;Fig. 24 represents a section on line 24 -24 of Fig. 2Fig. 25 is an elevation, partly in section, of the pouncing pad and its support-Fig. 26 is a plan view of the same, a portion of the sandpaper strip being removed-Fig. 27 is a view similar to Fig. 25, but taken from the opposite side-Fig. 28 represents a section on line 2828 of Fig. 25l ig. 29 is a plan view of an attachment for the pad--Fi 30 is a view similar to a portion of Fig. 2 7, but illustrating a modification of pad structureFig. 31 is a view similar to Fig. 30showing another modification-Fi 32 representsa section on line 3232.of ig.-3 1-Fig. 33 is a detail view of a modified form of strip feedFig. 34 represents a section on line 3434 of Fig. 33.

Similar reference characters indicate the same'or similar parts in all of the views.

The base or table 40 of the machine is shown as supported by suitable legs 41, and. in turn, supports the frame of the machine, said frame comprising a circular portion 42 and an upper horizontal portion 43 which forms a bearing for a tubular shaft 44 (Fig. 4). Secured on said shaft, as by pins 45, is a worm 46 which meshes with and drives a worm wheel 47 (Figs. 1, 3, 21 and 22), the latter being secured to a stud shaft 48 mounted in a bearing provided in a lever 49 pivoted at 50 to the frame 42.

60 carried by the worm wheel 47. A spring 61 between arm 51 and lever 53 tends to hold the pin'57 in recess 58 and lock lever 49 in position to hold the stud shaft elevated and the worm wheel in mesh with worm 46. This engagement can be released at any time by the operator, by simply closing the lever 53 against arm 51 and letting said arm and the lever 49 swing on pivot 50 until the outer end of lever 49 contacts with a fixed lug 62 projecting from the frame. Automatic release of said engagement is effected by the cam lug 60 engaging lug 59 of lever 55, this occurring at the end of an opera tion on a hat. The operator restores the engagement by means of arm 51, the pin 57 is pivoted a pawl 64. One end of the worm I 46 (Figs. 4and '24) is formed or provided with a ratchet 65 to coiiperate with said pawl in preventing the shaft from being turned backwardly when the chuck is being manipulated in the manner hereinafter described.

Fixed to the stud'shaft to rotate therewith and with. the worm wheel, is a crank 66 which is connected by alink 67 with the swinging frame of the pouncing pad or tool, to actuate said frame as hereinafter described. To prevent a dead center position of the crank and link, said crank is formed with a rearward extension having a weight 68.

Suitably secured to the rear of the frame is a casing 69 which contains differential power-transmitting gearing 70, 71, 72, 73, 74, (see Fi 20 in connection with Figs. 1, 2, 3, and 19 interposed between the bottom shaftj44, and a drivingband pulley 75, a controlling slide 76 being employed to either cause the pulley to drive the shaft at a regular uniform speed or with a differential speed. As these members are substantially the same as the mechanism shown at the left of Fig. 10 of the Reid patent No. 662,821, and serve substantially the same purpose, a

more detailed description will be unnecessary herein. But in' the present invention, the stud shaft 77 of the gear 73, instead of being manually fixed in laterally adjusted position, as in said patent, is automatically adjusted by mechanism presently described; The arm 78 which controls the in and out positions of the slide 76 is carried by a slide rod 79 mounted to reciprocate in guides or bearings 80 and 81. A sleeve 82 is slidably mounted on the rod 79 and is held yieldingly in position longitudinally thereof by springs 83 interposed between the ends of said sleeve and collars 84 secured on said rod (see Fig. l). A link 85 connects said sleeve with a lever 86 pivoted to aframe bracket 87 the latter having a series of holes 88 either one of which may receive a locking pin carried by a hand controlled lever 89 of well known form, whereby the lever 86 may be set in either one of a plurality of positions. This construction saves time for the operator because, when he wishes to shift the controlling slide 76, he can at once put the lever 86 in its desired adjustment and if the coacting parts of the adjusting members of the differential gearing are not in relative position to inter-engage, the spring 83 which has been put under compression by the shifting of the sleeve 82 will effect that inter-engagement as soon as, during the rotation of the gearing, a relative position is reached to permit such inter-engagement. Another improvement in this portion of the machine, over the said Reid patent, is that the lateral shifting of the stud shaft 77 to vary' the difierences between the alternatihg fast and slow speeds of the shaft 44, is effected automatically, so that, as the pouncing pad or tool reaches portions of the hat that are less oval in contour, the shaft will rotate with less and less variation of speed until finally it rotates at a uniform speed as the tool reaches the apex of the hat. To effect this result, the stud shaft 77, which projects through an arc slot 90 in the casing 69 (see Fig. 19 in connection with Figs. 1 and 20), also passes through a pendant arm 91 hung on shaft 44, and is engaged by a yoke 92 at the upper end of a lever 93 pivoted at 94 and having a laterally extending lower forked end 95 which is engaged by the rear end of a lever 96 pivoted at 97 to the frame 42 and hating a link connection 98 with a lever 99 pivoted at 100 to the frame and having a roll 307 engaged by a cam 102. Said cam acts through the lever 99 to perform another function hereinafter described, and for the present it will only be mentioned that it is secured to rotate with the worm wheel 47 and is preferably adjustable relatively thereto, as by having its h'ub mounted on the stud shaft 48, a screw or threaded stud projecting from the worm wheel through an arc slot 103 in the cam, a

wing nut 104 being employed to secure the cam in its ,rotative adjustment about shaft 48.

An especially important feature of the present invention comprises means for causing the axis of rotation of the hat supporting block to rise and fall while the pad or tool is operating on oval portions of the hat, so that the surface area under treatment will be in a gi en plane and not constantly75 changing. This results in more uniform treatment than where the pad or tool is constantly shifting to follow the oval contour of the hat and consequently hasits operation affected by its momentum and inertia and the changing positions of any counterbala'ncing mechanism employed. I will now describe said improved means, referring particularly to the detail Figs. 4 to 13 inelusive:

Secured to the front of the frame 43 is a casing 105 having the inner face of its rear wall formed or provided with ways 106 for a vertical slide which, as a whole, will be referred to as the adjustable eccentric 107.

This term is employed because the groove 108 in its face is preferably circular, but since the slide is adjustable, said groove is adapted, when not concentric with the axis of shaft 44, to act in a manner similar to an eccentric or circular cam on the roll 109, as presently more fully describe The slide or eccentric 107 is formed with a vertically elongated opening 110 and connected to its bottom is a rod 111 which (see Figs. 1 and 3) extends down through the table 40 and is connected to a foot lever 112 pivoted at 113. It is to be understood that opening 110 may be elongated horizontally instead. of vertically under certain conditions and the term laterally is intended to cover a lateral elongation 1n any direction with respect to the axis of the driving shaft 44. A collar 114 secured to the rod is connected by a link 115 with the lever 99., A spring 116 interposed between the table 40 and a collar 117 on the rod 111, tends to hold the parts normally in the positions shown in Fig. 1, and with the roll of lever 99 in contact with the cam 102. It will now be understood that the cam 102 controls the vertical position of the eccentric 107, and also that the operator can, at any time, by de ressing the outer end of the treadle 112, raise the rod 111 and the eccentric 107. The proportions and connections are such that when the latter is done by the operator, or when the highest portion of the cam 102 is acting on the lever 99, the member 107 is adjusted to such position that its groove 10:; is no longerconcentric to the axis of shaft 44, and the hat block will be eccentric with said axis of the shaft as hereinafter ex-- plained.

Secured the front end of shaft 44, as

be lifted by the stitutes an extensionof said shaft 44, said extension passing into the casing 105 and having fastened 'to it, as by a pin 120, the hub 12-1 ofa guide plate 122, said hub pass; ing through the opening 110 of the member 107. The guide plate 122 is'formed or pro vided with parallel ways 123, an elongated opening 124, two pins 125 on opposite sides of its center and with a peripheral ratchet-- toothed portion 126. The roll 109, hereinbefore referred to, is carried by a pin projecting rearwardly from a slide 127 that is mounted in the ways 123 of plate 122, said roll passing through the opening 124 in plate 122 into the groove 108. The slide 127 carries the hat block chuck as resently described. As will now be on erstood, the guide plate 122 must rotate with the hollow shaft, and since the walls of its 0 ening or slot 124 en age the roller 109 o slide 127, the said slide also will be rotated. And since said roller 109 also enters the groove 108, the slide 127 and its chuck will 'be :controlled in its position and movements by the eccentric. If the latter occupies a.

central position, the chuck will be in al-ine ment with the axis of the shaft, and if the eccentric be shifted upwardly the chuck will guiding action of the groove 108 on roller 10 I will now describe the block chuck carried by the slide 127. A castin 128 is carried by slide 12.7 and is secure thereto by reenter belt 129, and said casting is peripherally inclosed by a sleeve 130, and is formed with three radial recesses 131. In each recess is a jaw or hat block gripper 132 pivoted to the casting at 133, the outer end being preferably provided with spurs 134. and normally pressed outwardly by a spring 135. The spur ends of the jaw are adapted to be closed inwardly 'to grip the hub portion. of a hat block 136, as shown in Fig. 12, by

actuating mechanism which 1 will now describe.

Secured to the front of the casting 128 by screws 137,, is a circular plate 138 having radial slots through which the jaws pass, said plate having a center pin or lu 139 to enter a hole in the center of the hat lock hub 136. Mounted to reciprocate radially in the plate 138 are three pins 140. The inner ends of these pins 140 bear on the jaws and force them inwardly'aga'in'st the ressure of springs 135 so as to the liat block, this inward movement" ing eflected by a cam ring 141 the hub of which is mounted retatively on the sleeve 130. R0- tation of the ring 141 from the position shown in Fig. 13 to or toward the osition shown in Fig. 12 causes its three internal cam surfaces to act on the pins 140'as just described. Reverse rotation permits the springs 135 to open the jaws. The ring 141 is preierably provided "with three handles 14- formed with ratchet teeth 143 which are engaged by a detent pawl 144 thaatis so conected to a spring operated finger lever .1455, pi-Voted adjacent onset? the handles 142 that when said finger lever is grasped and closed toward such handle, the detent pawl will be released from-'the ratchet to permit ithe cam ring to be returned to open the aws. I

When the cam ring is being turned in the direction of the arrow in Fig. 13, to grip a hat block, 'the chuck is held stationary owing to the pawl 64 (Fig. 24), no matter how much 'force is necessary for tightly clamping the block. It is to be understood that when the machine is in operation, the shaft 44 and ratchet rotate in "the direction of the arrow in Fig. 24. During the clamping action of the cam ring the detent 144 rides over ratchet 143. To hold the plate 122 from *being rotated to the right, when the cam ring is bein operated to release the jaws, a pawl 146 is mounted to be manually engaged with the ratchet 126 (see Fig. 6) which pawl 146 is shown in engagement with ratchet 126. Normally, however, when the machine is in operation, said pawl remains disengaged from said ratchet! The pawl is ivoted at l47and has an arm 148 connected y a link 149 (see also Figs. 2 and 6") with a 'hand piece 150 pivotally connected 'at 151 with a fixed upright rod 152 and having a loop 1'58 at its lower end encircling said red. -A-spring 154 interposed between the rod 152 and swinging hand piece exerts a thrust on link 149 and holds pawl 146 raised. YVhen the operator wishes to release the hat block, with the (left hand he grasps rod 152 and hand piece 150 and pulls link 149 and throws pawl 146 down to the position shown in Fig. 6. Then with the right hand he grasps finger lever 145 ('Fig. 1-2) and its adjacent handle 142, first releasing detent 144 and then rotatin the cam ring to release the jaws from the block.

A pin 155 rejecting from the cam ring (Figs. 12 and '13-) coacts with a stop 156 carried by the face plate 138 to prevent the cam ring from being rotated far enough to carr thedetent 144 beyond the end of rate et 143.

It. is, of course, essential that the hat block shall be so positioned when gripped by the jaws that the major and minor axes of the hat will be presented at proper times to the action of the tool. For this purpose, I provide a pin 157 carried by the face plate 138 to enter a hole which is formed in the back of the body of the hat block, as indicated by dotted lines 1-58 in Fig. 2. The

is gradually being shifted from the brim to the apex of the hat, or vice versa, and the block is shifted off the center of rotation, and'rcturn, twice during each revolution.

This shiftingaction is synchronous with the \v eights rotation, and it may be here noted that I use the term synchronously to define an action which is in tune with the action of another part. I provide mechanism for counterbalancing the weight of thc parts when oil center, as follows (see Figs. 1, 5 and 9) Pivoted on the pins of plate 122 which has no vertical movement, are two countermounted on the sleeve 130. The latter of course pal-takes of all vertical movements of the chuck .slide 127. The openings in the counterweights for the pins 125 are formed as slots 162 so that, as the sleeve shifts to and from center, the hubs 161 are acted upon to swing the greater masses of the counterweights in a. direction opposite to the direction of movement of the chuck. The eli'ect of these counterweights. is chiefly desirable I when running at high speed, because it neutralizcsthe vibration that would otherwise occur.

160 having hub portions 161i forms the front end of arm 161, the longitudinal center of the hub 182 being in alinement with the pivot 166 of link arm 165. The short arm of the T-lever 167 is connected by the link 67 with crank 66 so that, as shaft 48 rotates, the T-lever is actuated to swing the pou ncing tool as hereinafter described. A lever 169 is pivoted at 17 O to the T-lever and has its rear end extending under a stud 171 of said T-lever to limit the outer or lower position to which the pad may fall Havin now described the mechanism bv T which the hat on its block 15 caused to rotate 1 in such manner that the portion presented to the operation of the pouneing (which. with the structure illustrated, will pad or tool,

on diflerent portions of the hat surface bebe the uppermost portion) will be traveling f hat itself being slowly revolved. This so called traversing movement of the tool in a uniform plane or location, I will proating mechanism. It may be stated that, in the direction from apex to brim or from l brim to apex and may be accomplished either a general way, the pad is shifted and operated in a manner similar to that in the Reid Patrnt referred to; but the improvements thereovcr are extensive, as will presently become apparent.

Projecting from opposite sides of the frame 13 (Figs. 1, 2 and 3) are two rigid arms 163. 161, the lattersupporting the rod These two arms, as will presently appear. afford supports for both ends of the pad mechanism, thus enabling steadier and more. uniform pouncing to be produced than if said mechanism'were supported at one end only us in the Reid patent. A link arm 165 is pivctally connected at 166 with rigid arm 1G3, and a T-lerer 167 is pivotally connected with rigid arm 164. The hub 182 of said T-lever is mounted to oscillate within a tubular bearing portion 168 (Fig. 1.5) which i by swinging 1 or swinging at the end of the operation.

The rod 172 for the pouncer frame is mounted at one end in the outer end of lever 169, and at the other end in an arm 173.50

supported by the link arm 166. A handle 174 is. preferably provided at one end, or each end, of the rod- 172. Adjustably clamped upon rod 172 (see Figs. 1,2, 3, 25,

and 28) is a plate 175 of spring metal. To the projecting ends of this plate, near its lower edge, are secured two posts 176. Each post has a swinging wing 177, and the outer ends of the wings are connected by a link 178 so they will swing or osciliate in-union. Mounted in the free ends of the wings are osts 179 in the ends of which are mounted swivels 180 for the pad base frame 181 (see also Figs. 26 and 27), so that it will be clear that said frame and all parts carried thereby will be capable of an oscillatory movement around a common axis.

By the adjustable clamping of the plate 17 5 on the rod 172, I provlde for the pouncing of bat crowns whose depth varies so that the brims are at more or less distance from .1 the bottom of the. hat block.

During the o eration of the machine, the tool is gradual y shifted, by the crank 66, link 67, and the T-lever 167 and the parts operated thereby, to cause the tool to operate tween the brim and apex of the crown, the

over the surface of the but may be either in the tool with respect to the hat the hat with the respect to the tool and the term traversing is broadly used herein although there are specific advantages in the construction herein described. The tool of course has independent surface operating movements which, with the structure illustrated, are reciprocatory ones. If the tool were oscillated or revolved, instead ofv reciprocated, it'would still have surface-operating movements. I will now proceed to describe how these movements are effected inthe embodiment of the invention illustrated, and how the'epeed thereof may be automatically or manually varied to suit the particular portion of the hat surface area with which it is in contact, in order to ob tain uniform effects and avoid cutting too deeply at the square or danger point or toward and at the apex.

Mounted within the hub 182 (Fi 15) is a stud shaft 183 having a head 184 t e outer face of which is inclined. Projoctin eccentrically from the head is an inc ed wrist pin 185. Mounted on the pin 185 is a sleeve 186 having a lateral projection 187 (Figs. 2 and 3) in which is secured an arm 188. The outer end of the arm 188 is supported and guided in a sleeve 189 which is pivotally connected to a sleeve 190 that is reciprocally guided on the. rod 172. The rotation of the head 184 and its wrist pin causes the arm 188 to oscillate in a manner similar to that of the mechanism shown in Fig. 4 of the Reid patent mentioned.

Mountedto rotate on the tubular bearing portion 168 is the hub 191 of a pulley 192' having a cone-shaped recess partly covered by a circular plate 193. Shrunk on or otherwise rigidly secured to the head 184 is a cone disk 194. The pulley has a restricted lateral movement so as to release it from the cone disk 194, and also to affect the speed of rotation of the head and its wrist pin according to the pressure with which the pulley, when driven, is held against the cone disk, thus controlling the speed of the reciprocations of the pad which is operated by the arm 188 as presently described. The pulley is driven by a belt 195 passing around idlers 196 (Fig. 3) supported by arm 164.

1 Thebelt is driven by a variable speed mechanism under the manual control of the operator, capable of changing the speed very greatly, such as from 40 to 1000 revolutions per minute. I have not illustrated such mechanism since it is very ordinary and the means for manually changing the speed merely consists of the usual overhead handles connected by cords or wires to such mechanism.

Motion is transmitted from the vibrating or oscillating arm to the pad, by means of a link 200 connected by universal joints 201 with a sleeve 202 adjustable on arm 188, and with one of the wings 177 (see Fig. 2 in connection with Figs. 25,26, and 27).

The link 200 is in two parts joined by a sleeve 203 which is secured to one part and threaded upon the other part. This avoids the twisting strain that would affect a onepiece link, and also enables the exact length tobe obtained by adjustment prior to complete assemblingof both universal joints. Another reason for adjusting the length of the rod or link 200 is to cause the pad to have more or less of a lateral movement as it reciprocates. For instance, if adjusted so that the wings 177 swing to an equal amount each side of the position shown in Fig. 26, then the lateral movement ofthe pad will be slight. If the link is lengthened out so that the position of the wings in said figure indicates the end, instead of the middle of the stroke, then the pad will move much farther toward a line connecting the pivots of the two wings 177, thus causing an action on the hat in a curved path that is as much sidewise as lengthwise.

Preferably I do not rely on the link 200 alone and the connection described, because the frequent extremely rapid operations cause noise and wear at the joints. Consequently I employ a spring 204 connecting the sleeve 202 and the wing 177, the spring having a suflicient strength to prevent rattling, up to ahigh speed such as 1000 strokes per minute. This provides a light connection that possesses less inertia than if the link and joints were made heavy enough to sustain both push and pull.

I will now describe the mechanism which automatically varies the speed of reciprocation of the pad according to the portion of the hat being operated upon, so that said speed will be much slower on the danger point of the hat or where the convexity is greater, and comparatively slow as the pad approaches the apex of the crown.

An elbow lever 205 (Fig. 2) is pivoted at 206 to the frame arm 164 and has a spring 207 connected to its rear end, the other end of the spring being connected by a swivel hook 208 to a screw- 209 adjustable in gear casing 69 to enable the tension of said spring to be adjusted. Near its outer end, the lever 205 is connected by a pin 210 (Figs. 2, 14, and 15) with a shoe 211 fitting an annular groove 212 in the. hub 191 of the pulley 192, so that the spring 207 has a constant tendency to draw the pulley away from and out of driving contact with the cone 194. A supplemental arm 213 is pivoted to the lever 205 at 214 and has a stud 215 at its outer end The end of lever 205 is provided with a barrel 216 containing an expansion spring 217 the outer end of which fits over stud 215, and the pressure of said spring may be varied by a screw 218 the inner end of which bears against a disk indicated by dotted lines in Fig. 14, said disk bearing'against the inner end of the spring 217. The screw 218 has a disk 219 adjustably mounted thereon, to coiiperate with a scale 220 carried by the end of lever 205, to indicate such changes as may be desirable in the strength of the spring. A pin 221 is shown as projecting from the lever 205 to guide the arms-213.

To actuate the lever 205 against the tension of spring 207, to shift pulley 191 and cause it to grip the cone 194 more or less tightly to vary the speed of operation of the pad according to the amount of slip rises 224, 225,01' any desired numberth'ereof '10 ferent styles of hats,

with the corner of the small segments, or

to indicate the proper setting of the said permitted between the conesurfaces, I provide a cam structure which I' will now describe.

222 is a segment of cylinder (see Figs. 14 and 15) having a hub 223 mounted on bearings 168 and connected to the lever .167 so as to'oscillate therewith. One edge of said segment is cut away to form two cam which coact with an anti-friction roller 226 carried by arm 213 so as to actuate lever 205' in a direction to cause the higher speed of reciprocation to be imparted to the pad. The recess between said cam rises permits spring 207 to shift the lever to reduce frictional contact between the cones and pro: vide for a reduced speed of said reeiprocations. This recess is so positioned that in the timing of the operation of the machine, this reduced speed occurs while the T-lever is swinging the pad frame overthe square or danger point of the hat. The position where this square or other tender part comes,

and I therefore make the rams "ariable. Referring chiefly to Figs. 16, 17, and 18, the periphery of the segment 222 is formed with a guiding rib or groove, or both, along which slidable cam segments 227, 228, may be adjusted as by means of screws 229 passing through slots 230 in the segments. The screws may be fixed in the main segment, and have wing nuts 231 to clamp the small segments in adjusted positions. The main segment 222 is provided with a scale 232 to cooperate with other suitable means carried thereby,

small segments for certain shapes of hats. These small segments are removable and may be replaced by others of different shapes, if desired. As shown in Fig. 17, the cam segment 227 does not project laterally quite so much as segment 228; said segment 227 is the one that will be in con tact'with rolls 226 after the pad has passed the square and is passing down toward the apex of the crowns when less speed of reciprocation of the pad is wanted than on the sides of the crown. The cams can, of course. be of any shape to control the speed of the pad desired, from its highest down to zero, it being understood that when there is nothing to bear on roller 226, the spring 207 acts to completely separate the cones. As the power which drives pulley 192 is. entirely independent of that which operates the rest of the machine, the rotation of the hat block and the swinging of the pad and its width, varies with difframe, can be stopped, and the pad caused to operate on a given area of the hat if it i should need it. and all reciprooations of the pad may be stopped while the hat is i put through an entire operation, this being 5 sometimes desired afterutheipouncing, in order to lay all the fibers one. way.-

The speed of reciprocations of the pad may be manually controlled at any or all times by means of the screw 218, to meet manual conditions, independently of the segment cam control. And whenever the conesare in drivingcontact at all, the said speed may be manually varied or entirely stopped, by'the operator pulling one of the overhead handles. The scales 220 and.232 enable a record to be-kept of the settings for particular shapes or styles of :hats, so that when any particular style comes again to the operator, he can refer to his records 0f the-work on previous lots-of that style, and make his settings accordingly. If the two segments 227, 228, are set close together, then there will be no variations in speed of the pad this is sometimes desired for full round corners, and when the hat body is heavy'sc that there will be no danger of cutting through any part of it.

When the machine is operating normally, it is sometimes desirable to stop the pad re cip'rocations quickly. For this pur ose, and others presently described, I provi e a lever (Figs. 2, 3', and 23) pivoted at 234 to the frame arm 164, and having a hook 235 extending over the lever 205. Arspring 236 tends to hold the lever in the dotted lines position of Fig. 23. Pivoted to the lever 233 is a pawl 237 having its tip end heaviest. Sliding in lugs 238 of lever 233-is a rod 239 having a finger pin 240 at its upper end. A spring 241 holds this rod normally raised. A small tension spring 242 may connect the lower lug 238 and the outer end of pawl 237 to aid in throwing said pawl to, its full line position. If it be desired to stop the pad quickly, the lever 233 is shifted from its dotted line position to its full line position, the pawl 237 dropping down hehind the frame arm 164 and the hook 235' moving to a position to cause lever 2033 to separate the cones. T 0 return thelever 233 to dotted line position, the operator depresses rod 239 to release pawl 237, and spring releases lever 205. This hand lever 233, mas

236 then throws said lever over and nipulated in the manner described, will also enable the operator to merely reduce the pad speed if he wishes to, because he need shift said lever but slightly; and especially is it useful when it is desired to start Work at the bandof the hat while the pad is station arv. And it can be used to rock 'thelever' 205 so that the pad will not reciprocate.

i when it is desired to run over the hat merely to lay the fibers.

In order to produce uniform pouncmg or equivalent work, it is essei'itial that the pad or tool shall be so constructed that its oper alien will be spread over a considerable area of the hat, even when working on the .so as to draw the strip taut.

square. In the drawings I illustrate several forms of pads so constructed that their 0 rativefaces will be equally yieldable in a 1 portions of their area, or, in other words,

equally pliable in all directions. For this purpose I, at present, prefer to employ a pneumatic backing, but first I will describe the structure shown in detail in Figs. 25 to 29 inclusive. Near each end of the pad base. Coiled frame 181 is a cross brace 243. springs 244 are connecte at their ends to said brace, said springs being parallel and of equal tension. They are similar to some kinds of bed bottoms in capacity for equal yielding at all portions of their area, and of course might be replaced by other equivalent,

ber, or other suitable material, which layers may be covered, if desired, with one or more strips of fabric 246 attached to the cross braces 243, to constitute the pad proper, which pad is faced with pouncing paper of the usual character. Broadly speaking, the strip 246 might be of pouncing material, but I prefer to provide a structure which automatically preserves the uniformity of the pouncing ability of the pad by gradually feeding a strip of pouncing material from one end to the other thereof. This may be effected by mounting a roll of sandpaper 247 or other material, on a spindle 248, said paper then passing freely over a roller 249, over the elastic body, over a roller 250 at the other end of'the base frame, and to a shaft 251 having a ratchet 252 fixed to it. A worm wheel 253 is mounted on said shaft and has a pawl 254 that is, spring-held against. the ratchet. This enables the first winding of the strip to be effected by hand, after the end of the strip is attached to the shaft 251, This first winding may be performed by means of a key or small wrench engaging a square end of shaft 251. Of course such key may be used to effect, by hand if desired, a more rapid shifting of the strip than will be effected by the automatic feed now described.

Meshing with the worm wheel 253 is a worm 255 carried by a shaft having a bevel gear 256 meshing with a bevel pinion 257 secured to a shaft 258. Also secured on shaft 258 is aratchet 259 which is engaged by a pawl 260 carried by-one end of a lever 261 mounted on shaft 258 and having its other end connected by a link 263 with -a slide rod 264 mounted'to reciprocate in a bearing provided therefor in one of the swivels 180, and having a button 265 at its outor end (Fig. 2). A tension spring 266 acts as a shock absorber when the rod 264 is returned quickly, and also tends to hold the surface of the strip to position to operate on pad),'it will cause the strip to be fed, ow-

ing to the gearing just described, the spring 266 returning the slide.

Manual operation of the slide, by the'button 265, may effect manual feeding of the strip if it be desired to slowly bring a fresh the hat. Ordinarily however, the operation of the slide, and the feed, is automatic. To effect this, I secure a collar 267 on the slide 264 to contact with a stop 268 on every movement of the pad to the right, thus limiting the movementof the slide and producing the same result as though the slide were pushed to the left. To vary the amount of this automatic feed the stop is pivoted at 269 to a pin 269 swi 'eled to an arm 270 fixed adjustably to the relatively stationary rod 172 and this stop is yieldingly forced toward said arm by a spring 271 secured to said pin. A screw 272 mounted in said arm acts as an abutment for the stop 268, and by adjusting said screw, the position of the end of stop arm 268 may be varied to adjust the effective length of the movement of slide 264 in its support and consequently cause the pawl 260 to rotate the ratchet and the shaft 258 more or less as desired.

The object of pivoting this stop'268 to a rotary element and securing the spring 271 V to same element, is to cause the spring to properly bear against the stop at all times, and when said stop has a lateral oscillatorv movement it will not scrape across the spring since the latter will always oscillate in harmony with the stop.

I do not limit myself to the particular strip feeding mechanism illustrated and described, but may substitute therefor any me-' chanical equivalent that is similar in principle. The advantages of the automatic feed are several, and are of especial consequence in a machine the object of which is, as stated hereinbefore, uniformity in the work. It keepsthe effective surface of the pad in uniform condition for all parts of a hat and for any number of'hats. It saves time to the operator because he does not have to stop to effect changes; and it saves paper because all portions of a long strip, except the extreme attaching ends, are made 2 ofequal use. This last fact enables a strip to be used a second time, with the same results as to uniformity, when the work to be done is such as not to require so much cutting effect as is obtained from a new strip. 25 For instance, when-hats are to be pounced a second time, 'afterfluring, such a once-used strip may be used a second or a third time.

To enable such second pouncing to be done without removingor shifting the long strip 3 pad to swing out of position.

247, whether that strip is a fresh one or not,

I provide an attachment for covering the 1on .stri and at the same tune renderin b O the automatlc feed lnoperatlve, such attachment presenting surface'to act on the hat diiierently from the long strip. Suclxattachment is shown in Fig. 29, and comp 'ses astrip'273 prefeiibly of a finer grade of paper than the strip 247. To the ends of the strip 273 are connected, by any easily numipulated buckle or clasp arrangement, cross bars 274, 275, the latter having a hand loop 276. To the bar 274 is connected, by springs 27?, a cross strip; 278 having an arm 2T9 terminating in a hook 280. Adjacent e swivels lSO are books 281 to engage rex". in the cross bar 275 and cross strip 278.- Vfhen the attachment is positioned, in engagement with said books 281, the hook 280 is passed over the collar 267 on slide 2 31-, the lei'igth of the arm 279 being such that, to do this, necessitates drawing'the slide in so far that said collar cannot contact with the stop 268 as the pad reciprocates, thertby rendering the automatic .feed ino erative. The strip 273, when so positioned, protects the strip 2 :7 from such' veluring grease as may have been applied to the hat after the first pouncing, and therefore the said strip is ready to go on, from where it stopped, for first pouncing, after theattachment has been unhooked. The strip 273 may, of course, be a section of a long strip which has been used for first pouncing.

Owing to the fact that the pad is swiveled, it may be double-faced, and the long strip fed from one side over and-back across the opposite side, so that the same strip can be first used for the first or rough pouncing, andthe pad turned over to use the already worn aper for second pouncing after veluring. Such a structure is shown in Fig. 30, in which the strip24-7 is led from a supply roll 283, under an idler 284, over an adjacent idler 285, over one face of the pad, about an end idler 286, under the other faceof the pad, and around idlers 287, 288, and

289. to winding mechanisms similar to that in F 27. WVith this arrangement also, the feed may be manual or automatic.

It will be understood, of course, that some suitable brake device will be applied to ,the supply drum, in all cases, to prevent the strip from being drawn off by the rubbing action on the work. 1

As indicated in Figs. 25 and 28, a spring 290 may be connected to hold the pad properly on the swivels. Said swivels however, are not so free from friction as to permit the It will thus be 'seen "that the pad is resiliently held against turning with respect to its carrier and when forced out of its normal relation to the carrier when the padis close to the brim of the hat this spring accomplishes a imposed strip for second pouncing.

tilting eli'ect tending to restore it to normal additional pressure being exerted on the portion of the hat closest to the brim.

As indicated in Figs. 31 and 32, the backing for the strip 2 1-7, instead of being supportedby a bottom of metal springs, may be sup 'orted on an inflatable air cushion 291. he backing for this cushion comprises a metal shell or trough 292 havin a movable slide door with knob 293 covering an opening for the introduction of the air bag. The inflating nipple is indicated at 29%, and a flexible but inelastic sheath to inclose the air bag is shown at 295. Said sheath is of a depth to project well above the sides of the shell 292, as best shown in \Fig. 32.' From this it will be seen that the portion or face over which the strip is drawn may. yield in any direction with more or less freedom according to the degree of Although either form of pad illustrated may be used for brim pouncing,I consider the last described one as the best since it will more readily conform at its sides to the shape of the brim, This pneumatic pad also possesses the advantage of making the structure lighter than those in Figs. 27 and 30.

31 may be substituted for the springs and fabric or felt layers indicated in Fig. 30, thus making a double faced, reversible, pneumatic pad. v

Another arrangement of pad may have a roller for the sandpapen'similar to the well known spring roller of a Window shade, and therefore will not need illustration. In such structure, the paper would simply be pulled pad and attached to the other end of the pad in any suitable manner, by the operator, as occasion might require. And such a de- \;ice would well be employed for a suptirn other words, the end of the strip 273, shown at the. right in Fig. 29, might be attached to a spring roller, and when the hook 280 is then detached from position, the whole would be wound up by the spring roller and be ready for re-application for second pouncing. V,

In Figs. 33 and 34, I show a difi 'erent form material wherein the power for effecting the feed'is obtained from the inertia of a weight, and wherein the amount of feed will be automatically governed by the rapidity of the reciprocations of the pad. In said figures, the shafts 251 and 258 and ratchet 259 are the same as those parts in Fig. 27. On the shaft 258 is hung a weight 296 having a pawl 297 engaging the ratchet. A detent pawl is shown at 298. Attached to the weight is a spring 299 in position to be position and the latter effect results in an pressure imparted to the air in the bag 291.

Such a pneumatic backing as shown in Fig. g

' oil from the roller and across the face of the of automatic feed for the strip of pouncing swung against the roll of paper that is bein wound on shaft 251. Admstably connecte to the frame is a spring stop 300 having an adjusting screw 301. The amount of swing permitted for the weight is determined by saidscrew 301. As the pad reciprocates the weight oscillates, due toits inertia, and so causes thepawl 297-to actuate the shaft 258, and, through bevel and worm gearing similar to that in Fig. 27, cause the strip to be wound on shaft 251. As the diameter of the roll on shaft 251 increases, its peripheral speed would, of course, increase for an given are of swing of the weight; but this is counteracted by the spring 299 which, as the roll increases in size, reduces the arc of swing by contact with the periphery of the roll.

Automatic feeding of the strip by some mechanism, especially cooperates with other parts of the machine which control the ro- A tation of the hat, its changing plane, and

the speed of reciprocation of the pad, because all combine to produce uniform work.

Some hats need to be pounced with a lighter touch than others. To provide for this, I employ the following construction:

An arm 302 (Figs. 1 and 2) is adjustably.

clamped on the bearing for rod 172 that is carried by lever 169. In either one of a series of holes in said arm 302 is secured one end of a cord or chain 303 which leads over an idler 304 supported by a bracket 305 which extends from the upright rod 152, the other end of the chain having a series of removable weights 306 known as step weights. of the pad against the top and square of the hat is varied by removing or adding step weights, or by attaching the chain at a different point along arm 302. The pressure exerted on the side of the'crown may be varied by changing the angle at which arm 302 is clamped. As will now be understood, the hat, as it revolves, is so shifted vertically that the action is the same as'though it were circular instead of oval; that is, supposing that the work begins at what will be the front of the hat, the axis of the block will rise as the work proceeds along the front right quarter (supposing, for purposes of explanation. that such is the direction of rotation), will descend as the work proceeds along the rear right quarter, and then again rise and again fall, as the work proceeds along the rear left quarter and the front left quarter. TlllS will continue while the work is being done on the sides of the hat.

The cam 102 has a low portion .of any suitable length that is concentric with the shaft 48, and the roll 307 is in contact with this low portion when the pad is not operating on the hat but has fallen away from The amount of pressure.

the same in the manner heretofore described. At the ends of this low portion the cam surfaces begin and continue with gradually in creasing radii up to a certain point so as to leave a surface of a given length where the cam is concentric with the shaft 18 at its longest throw, and while work is being done on the sides of the hat the roll 307 will be in contact with this concentric surface which I will call the high portion of the cam.

Of course it willbe readily understood that when the pad is working on the sides of the hat the-maximum of eccentricity will exist between the rotary hat block and the axis of the main shaft, and on this account the concentric high portion of the cam 102 operates to hold the rod 111 at its highest limit so as to maintain this eccentricity uniformly whenever the pad is working against the sides of the hat. As-the roll 307 leaves the limits of this concentric high portion the pad will have reached the square of the hat, and thereafter the throw of the cam will become less and less as the pad passes over the square and approaches the apex of the hat which latter point I term the Zero point, its location on said cam being at the extremities of the concentric low portion.

As the roll 307 is acted on by the cam 102 at its gradually decreasing radii the rod 111 will be gradually lowered and the eccentricity of the hat block with respect to the main shaft will be gradually decreased ntil said roll is at one of the zero points at which time the axis of the hat block will coincide with the axis of the main shaft.

Owing to the variations of hats. it is often desirable that the rise and fall of rod 111 shall be efi'ected to a greater or lesser degree. To vary this, I mount the roll 307 so that it may be adjusted laterally of the cam, as by a screw 308 (Fig. 1) having a yoke 309 engaging an annular groove in the hub of roll 307, said roll being mounted on and shiftable along, a pin 310 carried by the lever 99. The cam itself is laterally tapered somewhat as shown in Fig. 1 and therefore will affect the lever 99 differently according to the loosened fibers being then either trimmed, or left rough. Since, for such purpose, it is not necessary to feed the working surface along (as is advantageous when sandplane, I do not limit myself to such structure, as it may be mounted to operate in a different plane with slight alterations. in

the design of the frame and relative arrangements of the bearings.

I claim 1. A machine of the character described,

comprising a rotatable hat support, a traversing tool, means for constantly reciprocating said tool to cause the same to operate on the/surface of a hat mounted on said support, and automatic means for varying the speed of reciprocation of the tool.

2. A machine of the character described, comprising a rotatable hat support carried by a driving shaft, a tool for operating on the surface of a hat mounted on said sup- :50 port, and means including a treadle for shifting the axis of rotation of the support relatively to the axis of the driving shaft.

3. A machine of the character described,

' comprising a rotary hat support, a reciproeating tool, a facing strip for said tool, and

automaticmeans for feeding said strip.

4. A machine of the character described, comprising a rotary hat support, a traversing reciprocating tool, facing strip for said tool, and means for feeding said strip during the traversing-movements of said tool. I

5. A machine of the character described,- comprising a rotatable support carrying a hat block, a pouncin pad adapted toppera-te thereon, means or automatically traversing said pad on the hat from band to tip,

rolls for carrying a strip of operating material, and means for automatically feeding the strip from one roll to the other for the purpose of supplying new operating material to the pouncing pad as required.

6. A machine ofthe character described, comprising a rotatable hat support, a traversing tool having means for actuating it to operate on the surface of a hat mounted on said support, and automatic means for imparting a predetermined irregular varying speed to the operating movements of said tool on different portions of the hat and during the traversing movements of said tool.

7 In a machine of the character described, a rotatable hat support, a traversing tool for operating on the surface of a hat mountedon said support said tool having a facing strip,

means for reciprocating said tool, means for varying the reciprocations of said tool as it traverses the hat, and means for automatically feeding said strip during the traversing movements of the tool.

8. In a machine of the character described, a rotatable hat support, a traversing tool for operating on'the surface of .a hat mounted on said support, said .tool having a facing strip, meansfor reciprocating said tool as it traverses the hat and means for automatically feeding said strip during its operation on the hat.

9. In a machine of the character described, a rotatable hat support a traversing tool for operating on the surface. of a hat mountedon said support, said tool having a facing strip, means for reciprocating said tool as it traverses the hat, means for automatically feeding said strip during its operation on the hat, and means for varying the feeding movements of said strip during the traversing and reciprocating movements of said tool.

10. In a machine of the character described, a rotatable hat support, a traversing tool for operating on the surface of a hat mounted on said support, a facing strip for said tool, means for reciprocating said tool as it traverses the hat, and means for establishing a uniform feed of said strip durin the pouncing operation of said tool.

v11. In a -machine of the character described, a rotatable hat support, a traversing tool for operating on the surface of a hat mounted on said support, means for recipro-- eating said tool, means for varying the speed of said reciprocations, a facing strip for said tool, means for feeding said strip during its operation on the hat, and means for automatically increasing or decreasing the feeding of said strip in harmony With the increasing or decreasing reciprocatory move-\- ments of said tool.. 12. In a machine of the character described; means adapted to rotate a hat; a tool adapted to eo-act with a hat upon said rotating means; means adapted to cause a relative movement of said hat and said tool in a path extendingfrom the apex to the brim of the hat; automatic means adapted periodically to vary the angular speed of rotation of the hat at different portions of its rotation; and means adapted to change the amount of variation of said speed during the operation of the machine.

13. In a machine of the character described; means adapted to rotate a hat; a tool adapted to co-act. with a hat upon said rotating means; means adapted to cause a relative movement of said hat and said tool in a path extending from the apex to the 

